Recall — GCSE Flashcards
⚛️ GCSE Physics Flashcards
Forces, energy, waves and electricity — 10 free revision cards. Study them below, or add the whole deck to Recall and let FSRS spaced repetition schedule your revision so it actually sticks.
State Newton's three laws of motion.
1. An object stays at rest or in uniform motion unless acted on by a force.
2. $F = ma$ — force = mass × acceleration.
3. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
2. $F = ma$ — force = mass × acceleration.
3. Every action has an equal and opposite reaction.
What is the equation for kinetic energy?
$E_k = \dfrac{1}{2}mv^2$
- $m$ = mass (kg)
- $v$ = velocity (m/s)
- $E_k$ = kinetic energy (J)
- $m$ = mass (kg)
- $v$ = velocity (m/s)
- $E_k$ = kinetic energy (J)
What is the equation for gravitational potential energy?
$E_p = mgh$
- $m$ = mass (kg)
- $g$ = gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth)
- $h$ = height (m)
- $m$ = mass (kg)
- $g$ = gravitational field strength (9.8 N/kg on Earth)
- $h$ = height (m)
Name the electromagnetic spectrum in order (low to high frequency).
Radio → Microwave → Infrared → Visible → Ultraviolet → X-ray → Gamma
All travel at $3 \times 10^8$ m/s in a vacuum.
Low frequency = long wavelength.
All travel at $3 \times 10^8$ m/s in a vacuum.
Low frequency = long wavelength.
State Ohm's Law.
$V = IR$
- $V$ = potential difference (V)
- $I$ = current (A)
- $R$ = resistance (Ω)
For ohmic conductors, $V \propto I$ at constant temperature.
- $V$ = potential difference (V)
- $I$ = current (A)
- $R$ = resistance (Ω)
For ohmic conductors, $V \propto I$ at constant temperature.
How does current behave in series vs parallel circuits?
Series: current is the same at every point.
Parallel: current splits at junctions and recombines (total in = total out).
Voltage is the opposite: shared in series, equal in parallel.
Parallel: current splits at junctions and recombines (total in = total out).
Voltage is the opposite: shared in series, equal in parallel.
What is the wave equation?
$v = f\lambda$
- $v$ = wave speed (m/s)
- $f$ = frequency (Hz)
- $\lambda$ = wavelength (m)
- $v$ = wave speed (m/s)
- $f$ = frequency (Hz)
- $\lambda$ = wavelength (m)
What is the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves?
Transverse: oscillation perpendicular to direction of travel. Examples: light, water waves, EM waves.
Longitudinal: oscillation parallel to direction of travel. Example: sound (compressions/rarefactions).
Longitudinal: oscillation parallel to direction of travel. Example: sound (compressions/rarefactions).
What is specific heat capacity?
Energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 °C.
$\Delta E = mc\Delta\theta$
Water has a very high SHC (4200 J/kg·°C) — slow to heat and cool.
$\Delta E = mc\Delta\theta$
Water has a very high SHC (4200 J/kg·°C) — slow to heat and cool.
What are the three types of nuclear radiation?
Alpha (α): helium nucleus, stopped by paper, highly ionising.
Beta (β): fast electron, stopped by aluminium, moderately ionising.
Gamma (γ): high-energy EM wave, stopped only by thick lead/concrete, weakly ionising.
Beta (β): fast electron, stopped by aluminium, moderately ionising.
Gamma (γ): high-energy EM wave, stopped only by thick lead/concrete, weakly ionising.
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