Recall — GCSE Flashcards
🏛️ GCSE History Flashcards
Key dates, events and figures — 10 free revision cards. Study them below, or add the whole deck to Recall and let FSRS spaced repetition schedule your revision so it actually sticks.
When and where did WWI begin?
Began 28 July 1914 with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war on Serbia.
Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (28 June 1914) by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo.
Ended 11 November 1918.
Triggered by the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand (28 June 1914) by Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo.
Ended 11 November 1918.
What were the MAIN causes of WWI?
Militarism — arms race, especially Anglo-German naval rivalry
Alliances — Triple Entente vs Triple Alliance
Imperialism — competition for colonies
Nationalism — esp. in the Balkans
Alliances — Triple Entente vs Triple Alliance
Imperialism — competition for colonies
Nationalism — esp. in the Balkans
What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles (1919)?
Imposed on Germany after WWI:
- War Guilt Clause (Article 231)
- Reparations of £6.6 billion
- Army limited to 100,000, no air force, no tanks
- Loss of territory and all colonies
- Rhineland demilitarised
- War Guilt Clause (Article 231)
- Reparations of £6.6 billion
- Army limited to 100,000, no air force, no tanks
- Loss of territory and all colonies
- Rhineland demilitarised
When did the Nazis come to power in Germany?
January 1933 — Hitler appointed Chancellor by President Hindenburg.
February 1933 — Reichstag Fire used to justify emergency powers.
March 1933 — Enabling Act gave Hitler dictatorial powers.
February 1933 — Reichstag Fire used to justify emergency powers.
March 1933 — Enabling Act gave Hitler dictatorial powers.
What was the Blitz?
German bombing campaign against British cities, September 1940 – May 1941.
London bombed for 57 consecutive nights from 7 September 1940. ~40,000 British civilians killed. Other targets: Coventry, Liverpool, Hull, Belfast.
London bombed for 57 consecutive nights from 7 September 1940. ~40,000 British civilians killed. Other targets: Coventry, Liverpool, Hull, Belfast.
What was the Cold War?
Ideological and political conflict between the USA (capitalist) and USSR (communist) from c. 1947 to 1991.
No direct fighting — instead proxy wars (Korea, Vietnam), nuclear arms race, space race. Ended with collapse of the USSR (1991).
No direct fighting — instead proxy wars (Korea, Vietnam), nuclear arms race, space race. Ended with collapse of the USSR (1991).
What happened in the Cuban Missile Crisis (1962)?
USSR placed nuclear missiles in Cuba, 90 miles from Florida.
US President Kennedy imposed a naval blockade. After 13 tense days, Khrushchev agreed to withdraw missiles in exchange for US removing missiles from Turkey and pledging not to invade Cuba.
US President Kennedy imposed a naval blockade. After 13 tense days, Khrushchev agreed to withdraw missiles in exchange for US removing missiles from Turkey and pledging not to invade Cuba.
What was the Norman Conquest of 1066?
William, Duke of Normandy defeated King Harold II at the Battle of Hastings (14 October 1066).
Led to Norman rule of England, the Domesday Book (1086), feudalism, and lasting French influence on English language and law.
Led to Norman rule of England, the Domesday Book (1086), feudalism, and lasting French influence on English language and law.
What was Elizabeth I's religious settlement (1559)?
A "middle way" between Catholicism and Protestantism:
- Act of Supremacy — Elizabeth as "Supreme Governor" of the Church
- Act of Uniformity — Book of Common Prayer required
Aimed to avoid the bloodshed of her predecessors (Edward VI, Mary I).
- Act of Supremacy — Elizabeth as "Supreme Governor" of the Church
- Act of Uniformity — Book of Common Prayer required
Aimed to avoid the bloodshed of her predecessors (Edward VI, Mary I).
When and why did the Berlin Wall fall?
9 November 1989
Causes: Gorbachev's reforms (glasnost, perestroika), mass protests in East Germany, an East German government press conference mistakenly announced immediate free travel.
Germany reunified 3 October 1990.
Causes: Gorbachev's reforms (glasnost, perestroika), mass protests in East Germany, an East German government press conference mistakenly announced immediate free travel.
Germany reunified 3 October 1990.
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